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| 1851 |
| | | Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto, based on a play by Victor Hugo, is a huge success at its premiere in Venice | |
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| 1853 |
| | | Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore is a success at its premiere in Rome | |
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| 1853 |
| | | Just six weeks after the success of Il Trovatore, Giuseppe Verdi's opera La Traviata is a disaster at its premiere in Venice | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull declaring that the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is to be an article of faith for Catholics | |
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| 1858 |
| | | Napoleon III and Cavour hatch a secret plan at Plombièes to tempt Austria into war in north Italy, and agree how to divide up the spoils | |
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| 1859 |
| | | A French and Piedmontese army liberates Milan from Austrian rule | |
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| 1859 |
| | | French and Piedmontese forces defeat the Austrians decisively at Solferino, in a battle involving appalling casualties | |
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| 1860 |
| | | The treaty of Turin brings much of north Italy under the control of Cavour (for the kingdom of Sardinia), who in return cedes Savoy and Nice to France | |
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| 1860 |
| | | Garibaldi lands at Marsala in Sicily in May with his thousand Redshirts, and wins control of the island for the king in waiting, Victor Emmanuel II | |
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| 1860 |
| | | Garibaldi crosses from Sicily to the mainland and by September is in Naples | |
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